Learning Statistics with SPSS / HYPOTHESIS TESTING

Hypothesis Testing

Contents:                      One-Sample T-Test
                       Two-Samples T-Test: Independent Samples
                          Paired-Samples T-Test: Dependent Samples
                                    Chi-Square Test of Independence
                           One-Way ANOVA or F-Test
                                 Non-Parametric Tests
                                        Other Tests

See Example
ONE-SAMPLE T-TEST

[Command Sequence: Analyze/Compare Means/One-Sample T Test/Options/ Confidence Interval]

Note: Select variable and test value at the One-Sample T test window. You may optionally supply your own level of significance (the default value is .05 because the default confidence level is .95) in the Confidence Interval box after opening the Options window.

Top

See Example
TWO-SAMPLES T-TEST: INDEPENDENT SAMPLES

[Command Sequence: Analyze/Compare Means/Independent-Samples T Test/ Define Groups/Options/Confidence Interval]

Note: At the Independent-Samples T Test move the test variable into the Test Variable(s) box and the grouping variable into the Grouping Variable. Click on Define Group button and specify the value for group 1 (e.g., yes) and the value for group 2 (e.g., no). Then click on the Options button and set the level of significance (the default confidence level of 95% implies that the level of significance is 5%).

Top

See Example
PAIRED-SAMPLES T-TEST: DEPENDENT SAMPLES

[Command Sequence: Analyze/Compare Means/Paired-Samples T Test/ Paired Variables/Options/Confidence Interval]

Note: At the Paired-Samples T Test window fill the Current Selections box by clicking on the pseudo variables (e.g., Before and After) one at a time. The first (e.g., After) is labeled as Variable 1, and the second (e.g., Before) is labeled as Variable 2. Click on the arrow (now pointing to the right) to define the difference d_i = After - Before in the Paired Variable box. Open the Options menu and set the level of significance (the default confidence level of 95% implies that the level of significance is 5%).

Top

See Example
CHI-SQUARE TEST OF INDEPENDENCE

[Command Sequence: Analyze/Summarize/Crosstabs]

Note: At the Crosstabs windows 1) move one variable Rows box and the other to the Columns box; 2) Open Statistics window and check the Chi-Square box; 3) open the Cells window and check the Expected box; 4) optionally you may check Rows, Columns, Totals boxes under Percentages.

Top

See Example
ONE-WAY ANOVA OR F-TEST

[Command Sequence: Analyze/Compare Means/One-Way ANOVA]

Note: At the One-Way window do the following: (1) move the Response Variable (Dependent Variable) to the Dependent List box, (2) move the Factor (Independent Variable) to the Factor box, (3) open the Options window and check the Statistics box.